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當(dāng)你在晴天的午后，徜徉在碧瓦飛甍、雕梁畫棟的曲阜孔廟中時(shí)，陽(yáng)光灑在屋脊的琉璃瓦上，流光溢彩之感撲面而來(lái)。

On a sunny afternoon, when you stroll through the majestic Confucius Temple in Qufu with its azure tiled roofs and intricately carved beams and pillars, the sunlight sprinkles upon the glazed tiles of the ridge, creating a dazzling display of radiant colors.

(資料圖)

琉璃瓦是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的建筑物件，通常施以黃金、翠綠、碧藍(lán)等彩色鉛釉，其材質(zhì)堅(jiān)固，色彩鮮艷，釉色光潤(rùn)。曲阜琉璃瓦制作技藝距今已有六百多年歷史，其代表作品富麗堂皇，莊重威嚴(yán)，于2014年入選第四批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目名錄。

Glazed tiles, known as "liuliwa" in Chinese, are traditional architectural elements in China. They are often adorned with colorful lead glazes in hues of gold, emerald green, and sapphire blue. These tiles are known for their sturdy material, vibrant colors and glossy glaze.Over 600 years have passed since the glazed tiles of Qufu were first created.The words that best portray it are “grand, serious and majestic”. It was included into the fourth batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2014.

曲阜琉璃瓦的燒制操作十分復(fù)雜，包括塑型、掛釉、燒制等十幾道工序，一件多彩的琉璃瓦成品需要一個(gè)月才能完成。成品琉璃瓦曾用于孔廟、孔府、布達(dá)拉宮的修繕，在海外，它還遠(yuǎn)銷到了法國(guó)、德國(guó)、加拿大、日本、智利等國(guó)家。在法國(guó)圣艾尼昂市的博瓦爾動(dòng)物園熊貓館，熊貓們居住的琉璃瓦小屋散發(fā)著濃郁的東方風(fēng)情，受到當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦臒崤酢?/p>

The manufacturing process of Qufu glazed tiles is extremely intricate, comprising more than a dozen steps such as molding, glazing and firing. It takes approximately one month to complete the creation of a finished product, showcasing its vibrant colors.Finished glazed tiles have been used in the restoration of the Confucius Temple, the Confucius Mansion and the Potala Palace. Moreover, they have been exported to countries such as France, Germany, Canada, Japan and Chile.In Beauval Zoo, Saint-Aignan, France, the small glazed tiles houses where pandas reside in the panda enclosure present a strong Oriental ambiance, and have been warmly embraced by the local community.

而如今，非遺項(xiàng)目琉璃瓦的產(chǎn)業(yè)化也堅(jiān)持了兩條腿走路，一方面盡可能保持傳統(tǒng)手工技藝的原汁原味，如成立工作室，讓匠人們以舊帶新，如加強(qiáng)校企合作，吸引更多的年輕人了解老工藝；另一方面充分對(duì)接市場(chǎng)需求，用“非遺+設(shè)計(jì)”的形式，開發(fā)琉璃擺件、裝飾物等文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品，讓以往站在屋頂上、帶有吉祥寓意的脊獸以鮮活的形態(tài)擺放在百姓家中。此外，延伸古建筑行業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，目前已形成油漆彩畫、園林綠化、古建設(shè)計(jì)等古建產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條，產(chǎn)業(yè)集群規(guī)模初顯。

Today, the industrialization of Qufu glazed tiles has adopted a dual approach. On one hand, it strives to preserve the authenticity of traditional craftsmanship through initiatives such as establishing workshops where artisans can blend traditional and modern techniques. Additionally, collaborations between educational institutions and businesses are strengthened to attract younger generations and promote awareness of the traditional craft. On the other hand, there is a strong focus on meeting market demands. By combining the intangible cultural heritage with innovative design, a range of cultural and creative products, including glazed ornaments and decorative items, are developed. This allows the vibrant figurines of auspicious meaning which were traditionally placed on rooftops to be brought to life and displayed in people"s homes in a fresh and contemporary manner.Furthermore, by extending the industry chain of ancient architecture, various sectors such as painted decoration, garden landscaping and architectural design have emerged and formed a growing cluster of the ancient architectural industry.

相信在傳承人、政府和企業(yè)的共同努力下，這項(xiàng)泥與火交融的藝術(shù)在未來(lái)將散發(fā)出更璀璨和悠遠(yuǎn)的光芒。

With the collaborative efforts of heritage practitioners, government bodies and businesses, it is anticipated that this art form, born from the fusion of clay and fire, will shine even brighter and continue to exude a timeless allure in the future.

無(wú)限工作室出品

視頻：周溪琳

文案：武瑋佳、徐立璇(實(shí)習(xí)編輯)

配音：武瑋佳

策劃：魏鵬 辛然

(部分素材來(lái)源：央視、新華社、山東文旅頻道、齊魯壹點(diǎn)、濟(jì)寧廣電)